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In Nd:YAG Laser , Nd stands for neodymium ions Nd3+ and YAG for Yttrium Aluminium Garnet(Y3Al5O12 ). Wavelength of the output: The wavelength of the output beam is 1.06μm(infra-red), 2. Nd YAG is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid state lasers. 5. Nd:YAG laser are used in military applications to find the desired target. 3. Thereby forming an optical cavity. Nd: YAG laser is a neodymium based laser. It finds many medical applications such as endoscopy, urology, neurosurgery, ENT, gynecology, dermatology, dental surgery and general surgery. Here, E1 is the lowest energy state while E4 is the highest energy level. Nd:YAG lasers are used in ophthalmology to correct posterior capsular opacification, a condition that may occur after cataract surgery, and for peripheral iridotomy in patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma, where it has superseded surgical iridectomy. Nd ion is rare earth metal and it is doped with solid state host crystal like yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG – Y3Al5O12) to form Nd:YAG laser. It corresponds to the transition from E. : Optical pumping is employed for pumping action. Its main advantage is its thermal stability which allows an Nd:YAG laser to produce a good quality, continuous beam at room temperature. Basically when the external energy source is provided then the electrons from lower energy state moves to higher energy state thereby causing lasing action to take place. The principle … So, when external energy is provided in the active medium of the laser. After enough strength is attained (condition for laser being satisfied), an intense laser light of wavelength 1.06μm is emitted through the partial reflector. But once the lifetime of the electrons at the metastable state gets exhausted then these electrons by releasing photons come to lower energy state E2. Nd: YAG laser . Principle: The active medium Nd: YAG rod is optically pumped by Krypton flash tubes. 1. It is a 4 level systems i.e. While the other end is partially coated in order to provide a path for the light ray from an external source to reach the active medium. 6. Experiment 05 / 07 / 08 Diode Pumped Nd:YAG-Laser Page - 6 - Dr. W. Luhs MEOS GmbH 79427 Eschbach –Jan. Fast repetition rates and large coverage areas allow large areas of the body to be treated quickly. Nd stands for Neodymium (rare earth element) and YAG stands for Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ( Y3Al5 O12) . It is widely used in engineering applications such as resistor, trimming scribing, micro machining operations as well as welding, drilling etc. During the transition from meta stable state to ground state, a laser beam of wavelength 1.064μm is emitted. A small amount of Yttrium ions (Y3+) is replaced by Neodymium (Nd3+) in the active element of Nd: YAG crystal. Copyright © 2018-2021 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. The different wavelengths available (1064mn and 532mn) can target different pigments of different colors. This allows to remove tattoos of all kind and all colors. 5. Nd ion is rare earth metal and it is doped with solid state host crystal like yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG – Y3Al5O12) to form Nd:YAG laser. The Nd: Yag long pulse laser can be used safely on all skin types – type I to VI. These lasers operate in both pulsed and continuous mode. YAG laser(Nd：YAG) A YAG laser is used for general-purpose marking applications such as marking on plastic and metal workpieces, as well as for machining applications. Thereby attaining population inversion. 4. 6. Absorptionof radiation is the process by which electrons in the ground state absorbs energy from photons to jump into the higher energy level. One mirror (M, Figure 2.18 shows the energy level diagram for Nd: YAG laser. 7. * What is applications of Nd:YAG Laser? The construction of Nd: YAG laser is as shown in the figure 2.17. Therefore, electrons that were excited to this state by the application external pumping will not stay at this state for much longer duration and comes to lower energy state E3 very fastly but without radiating any photon. However, initially, electrons in E1 is very much higher as compared to E4. The electron energy level structure of Nd. Sonogram Recording of movement of Heart: Principle and working, Important Questions and Answers: Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Principle of Spontaneous and Stimulated emission - Einsteinâs Quantum theory of radiation, Principle of Laser action and Methods of pumping action, CO2 Molecular gas laser: Principle, Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications, Semiconductor Diode laser: Principle, Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications, Hetro Junction Laser: Principle, Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications, Difference between Step Index fiber and Graded Index fiber. It is a solid state and 4 level system as it consists of 4 energy levels. Nd: YAG laser is a neodymium based laser. 1. Nd stands for Neodymium (rare earth element) and YAG stands for Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ( Y3Al5 O12) . Theory: Advanced Nd: YAG Picosecond Laser System uses very short pulse output mode, instead of thermal effect, by the principle of light mechanical shock wave, pigment is “shattered” into finely granular via focused energy, are more likely to be absorbed by the body metabolism. One mirror (M1) is 100% reflecting while the other mirror (M2) is partially reflecting. The two ends of the Nd:YAG rod is coated with silver. 5. This is also known as the laser medium and is the middle portion of the structure i.e., Nd:YAG crystal. However, since all tattoos are not the same in terms of colour, depth of ink deposition and their chemical composition, some may respond differently to others. The figure below shows the 4 state energy level diagram of Nd:YAG laser: 2. Nd stands for Neodymium (rare earth element) and YAG stands for Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ( Y, The active medium Nd: YAG rod is optically pumped by Krypton flash tubes. It would also be anticipated that significantly fewer instances of crusting, blistering, pigmentation problems and other adverse epidermal effects would occur with 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation. This laser generally emits light of wavelength of nearly 1.064 μm. Also, the doping concentration is around 0.725% by weight. In certain cases these lasers are also used to treat eye floaters. The figure below shows the road like the structure of Yd:YAG laser: * Active medium high power output during all the pigment procedures. It is developed by scientist J. The energy state E3 is the metastable state and exhibits longer lifespan. Laser technology has greatly improved the ability to treat melanocytic lesions and tattoos with the rapidly pulsed Q-switched neodymium: yttrium – aluminium – garnet (Nd: YAG) Laser. The Nd-YAG Laser • Now supersedes the ruby as the most common doped insulator laser • Host material is a crystal of yttrium-aluminium-garnate (Y 3 Al 5 O 12), YAG doped with 0.7% by weight of neodymium (Nd3+) ions • Laser emission takes place at 1.064 µm (infra-red) Solid State Lasers Construction: It consists of a quartz tube 5 m long and 2.5 cm in the diameter. After enough strength is attained (condition for laser being satisfied). * How does Nd:YAG laser work? The active medium in an Nd:YAG laser is a crystal rod of yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) with the impurity Neodymium (Nd). In this way, several electrons on stimulation produce photons thereby generating a coherent laser beam of 1.064 µm. Nd: YAG laser is a neodymium based laser. So, the electrons in this particular state will last for a longer duration. Energy form particular wavelength with accurate dose will act on certain targeted color radicals: ink, carbon particles from derma and epidermis, exogenous pigment particles and endogenous melanophore from derma and epidermis. Here, E1 is the lowest energy state while E4 is the highest energy level. Principle: The active medium is a gas mixture of CO 2, N2 and He. and tested using computer simulation (figure 1). WuZhongTianYue International, JingYang Square, LvYuan Dis.,Changchun 130062. Liquid Laser : SeOCL2 Laser, Europium Chelate Laser, 4. The energy state E3 is the metastable state and exhibits longer lifespan. An ion makes a spontaneous transition from E2 to E1, emitting a photon of energy hγ. Strong dual cooling system - Skin Cooling System (SCS) and Contact Cooling System - … It is a four level solid state laser. It finds many medical applications such as endoscopy, urology, neurosurgery, ENT, gynecology, dermatology, dental surgery and general surgery. Nd: YAG laser is a four-level laser system, which means that the four energy levels are involved in laser action. This cylindrical rod (laser rod) and a pumping source (flash tube) are placed inside a highly (reflecting) elliptical reflector cavity. Due to the difference in the energy levels, the electrons need some external pumping in order to perform a transition from one state to another. The Neodymium ions (Nd3+) are raised to excited levels. ; it contains 4 energy levels. Based on the type of active medium, Laser systems are broadly classified into the following categories. Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail, Nd: YAG laser: Principle, Construction, Working, Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications. 2. E2 is a metastable state. This emitted photon will trigger a chain of stimulated photons between E2 and E1. 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