what was the oldest age drafted in wwii

[Refugees] Raymond Steed a galley boy served with the Merchant Navy at age 14. Over 10 million men were inducted under the terms of this Act until a new Selective Service Act was passed after the War (1948). [Tools] Conscription was, however, highly controversial. After D-Day and liberation (June-August 1944), France began to build a new army. [Resistance] King called for a national plebiscite on conscription (April 24, 1942). The initial act authorized the conscription of men, but placed a limit of 0.9 million on the number to be trained. The 1940 law instituted conscription in peacetime, requiring the registration of all men between 21 and 35. And Hitler's seizure of power and military steps caused the Government to again extend conscription to 2 years (1935). I don't know, and haven't yet found out, about the oldest actually inducted into service. But, my father and I both registered for the draft at … Conscription in America is commonly referred to as the draft. France used French regulars of the Colonial Army, colonial regiments and the Foreign Legion to garrison its overseas empire. The new Conscription Law required every male at age 20 to register for 2 years of service and remain in reserve status, subject to recall, until age 40 years. Some American youth were anxious to enter the War even earlier than age 18. This made the professional samurai warrior obsolete. Australian voters in a national vote rejected compulsory military service twice (1916 and 1917). Previously, I had always just assumed the stints were the usual four years that we associate with military duty. Willy Brandt, German political leader. The French High Command largely consisted of aging commanders who had held senior command positions in World War I. The first draft registration for World War II was held September 16, 1940 for all men between 21 and 36 years of age. Men between the ages of 18 and 25, inclusive, must register for the draft. HistoryNet.com is brought to you by Historynet LLC, the world's largest publisher of history magazines. Ty (Tyrus Raymond) Cobb, American baseball player, first man to be elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Australian law permitted conscription, but not outside of Australia. On November 11, 1942, Congress approves lowering the draft age to 18 and raising the upper limit to age 37. France required virtually all young men at age 20 years to fulfill 3 years of military service. [Return to CIH Home page]. Parliament extended conscription for men and added women 20-30 years of age (March 5, 1942). Another poblem was that many reservists with 2 years experience were pressed back into service during World War II as the war expanded. Youths in all country could and did volunteer for military service. The UK implemented conscription during two distinct periods when World War I and World War II broke out. Prime Minister Mackenzie King insisted that Canada control its war effort, in contrast to its World war I experience. And we have noted younger uniformed school girls in factories. As of October 18, 1942, it was reiterated that anyone from his 45th birthday onward was classified as IV-A, overage and therefore unfit for active service. As a result, the Canadian Army which stormed ashore at Juno Beach on D-Day (June 6, 1944) was a voluntary force. King and his important ally in Québec, Ernest Lapointe, promised that there would be no conscription for overseas service as had been introduced in World War I. Don’t miss the next Ask Mr. History question! Brad Pitt, actor (12 Monkeys, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button). National conscription began soon after the Meiji Restoration as part of a series of reforms (January 10, 1873). Parliament extended conscription to all men age 19-41 (December 2, 1939). On September 16, 2013, a 34-year-old man goes on a rampage at the Navy Yard in Washington, D.C., killing 12 people and wounding several others over … Inevitably, as as the bulk of the population was composed of the peasantry, the new Japanese Army would be composed of peasants. We are are not entirely sure about the services in which these boys served. Its primary duty was to police the colonial empire Vichy was allowed to retain. Stephens, Richard W. ""So eager to get into the fight," Washington Post May 28, 2004, p. W10. [Biographies] Many conservatives, especially the old samurai class, objected because a modern military including the peasantry meant an end to the Samurai. It was the beginning of important changes the country's social structure. Canada entered World War II reluctantly to support Britain (1939). The Government further reduced it to 1 year (1928). They were allowed to choose between the army, the navy and the airforce As the war continued men from the other registered age groups received their 'call-up' papers requiring them to serve in the armed forces. One does not have to be a citizen in order to register. We would guess that some were as young a 10 years of age. Eventually all healthy males aged 15-60 years as well as females aged 17-45 years were drafted. The Government had the votes in Parliament, but the issue had been so contentious during World War I, Prime Minister Curtin from the Labour Party was reluctant to act. Unlike the medieval Samurai weapons, peasants could be trained to use modern firearms in a short period of time. The was allowed only a small, poorly armed military force. World War II-era draft card belonging to musician Huddie Ledbetter, better known as Lead Belly. This was an interesting vote as the primary use of the Canadian Army would be in Europe with the purpose of liberating France. Australian conscripts were used there and played a key role in preventing the Japanese from seizing Port Moresby, from where they would have threatened northern Australia. The Cabinet proposed major changes in the conscription law. The Fourth Registration, or Old Man's Registration, was held on April 27, 1942. Here the British Royal Navy was the model. The American Army at the time was almost non-existent as a major fighting force. What wars did they use conscription draft? The Volksturm was sent into battle with little or no training. Many of those who enlisted joined the Navy and Air Corps (still part of the Army). Britain's left-wing unions had opposed conscription because of the huge losses of World War I, but in the deepening European crisis and opposition to the NAZIs the Trade Union Council agreed to support the Governments conscription plans (May 1939). The Australian Army was deployed in the Western Dessert when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and moved south toward Australia. Exemtions were dropped and teenagers began to be conscripted. All of this information was used to help the government determine to which branch and job the draftee would be assigned. [POWs] I believe the Royal Navy was accepting boys at age 15 years. During the war, the Army did its best to assign drafted men jobs that were relevant to their past experience. Others fought more tenaciously than regular Wehrmacht soldiers. The military was very strict about the age limits. [Bibliographies] Meaning that the Canadians who liberated France were overwealmingly English speaking Canadians. [About Us] Countries like Romania had larger armies. The War was fought with conscript armies. This and other political, social, and economic matters meant that France was not morally prepared for war. The Japanese used Prussia as a model for its new army and its conscription system. Marshal Klemenly Voroshiloff, Commissar of War, announces the proposed Military Training Law which lowered the conscription age from 19 to 17, abolished most exemptions to service, and established two reserves, including women. [Home front] This caused another crack in Japan's traditiinal social system in which age was very important, but wa not important on the Pacific War battlefields. As the War began to go against Japan, the Conscrotion Law was changed. The age of men drafted varied from country to country. [Campaigns] The military draft brought the war to the American home front. It proved within a year to be a catastrophic decision, but this was hid from the Japanese people until 1944. Younger boys could enlist. [Children] On this day in 1942, Congress voted to amend the Selective Service Act of 1940 by lowering the draft age to 18 and raising the upper limit to age 37. This was the cause of the short-lived Satsuma Rebellion (1877). They replaced male workers that had been conscripted for service at the front. Currently, the minimum draft age is 21. The age 20 year conscription age was continued, although educational deferements were possible. I've heard people up to age 40 were drafted. They may have been volunteers. Thus conscription was seen as causing potentially serious problems and impairing the reliability of the recruits. Raymond died in this incident. American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur 1880-1964. By the Vietnam war, the draft age had changed to 18-26 by the Selective Service Act. Richard Stephens tells how in 1943 that he had just turned 17 and graduated from high school. Thus the Soviets clearly accepted volunteers below the age of conscription. We suspect that many of the boys that fought with the Red Army were children who had become separated from their parents or whose parents had been killed. The Hitler Youth boys inducted into the Volkssturm had received some military training. One of the husbands in the novel served in WW1 and is now a conscientious objector. The Selective Service statistics page gives the total inductions during WWII as 10,110,104, which would indicate that the percentage would be somewhere around 20% were drafted based on registration. Volunteer armies could not reach levels capable of winning the War. Manchester, William. He hoped that Canada might only have to train aircrews and manufacture arms for the Allies. And like World War I, called on them when World War II broke out. French-speaking Canadians were a majority in Québec and the Quebecois in the plebecite A girl found her great grandfather's draft card that showed he was 54 and serving in WWII with his own 18-year-old son. Teen agers were very common. At the sam time land reform was not part of the Maeiji reforms. July 1, 1941 - men who reached age 21 since the first registration February 16, 1942 - men 20-21 and 35-44 years of age April 27, 1942 - Men 45-64 years of age. The French Army thus spent the rest of the War in POW camps. It did, however, feed into the intense rivalry which developed between the Imperial Army and Navy. Sources said that this deferment for … This article originally appeared in the December 2007 issue of the magazime. They have recorded each of the listings along with explanations. In 1918 this age was changed to the ages of 18-45. World War II was total war. Partly as a result of World War I, the French birth rate declined. Such rivalries existed in other coyntrues, but not to the extent of the rivalry which developed between yhe Imperial Army and Navy. King at first believed that the French would prove a bulwark to the Germans as they bdid in World War I. The Merchant Navy apparently accepted boys at age 14 years. Opposition proved so limited that the Government proceeded to amend the conscription law. [Technology] Japan did not have a modern military or educatin system until after the Meiji Restoration (1868). There were bitter debates in Parliament as well as street demonstrations. Carl Zebrowski is the managing editor of America in WWII. He showed up at a Merchant Marine recruiting office with obviously doctored documents. The result was a massive defeat and 4 years of German occupation. [Race] This did not include the cadets accepted by the Navy Accademy. Mayor of Berlin and Chancellor of West Germany. Most Americans when war broke out in Europe (1939) were determined to stay out of it. The US knew this would not be enough so they issued a draft saying men 21-30 years old had to sign up for the draft. As a result the issue of conscription rose again. If you were drafted into the military during World War II, how long were you required to serve. The Merchant Marine being drained by the battle in the North Atlantic against U-boats was often less careful. The age of the soldiers who fought the War is a topic that we have not yet addressed in detail. Until this point the peasantry was largely outside the natiinal, political system, uneducated and largely prey on my the country's land owning nobility. This time the Japanese were moving toward Australia itself and actually invaded New Guinea, an Australian protectorate. [Totalitarian powers] [Return to Main World War II page] He was one of 3,597 boys under the age of 18 to die on active service. [Economics] Military age also meant men of marriageable and child raising ages. Congress after Pearl Harbor passed a new Selective Service Act which removed restrictions and extended the draft to men aged 18-38 years of age (briefly to 45 years). Subsequently, he was able to argue for funding for the force in Congress, and served on-staff with various Corps for the duration of the war. World war 1 and world war 2. In some cases the Hitler Youth on a local level was involved in recruiting these boys. Many young children were caught up in the defense of Berlin. France unlike the Britain entered World War I with universal male conscription. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 5,000 articles originally published in our various magazines. I'm not sure about the Army or Royal Air Force. World War II was a very different conflict. The American Army at the time was almost non-existent as a major fighting force. The Defense (Citizen Military Forces) Act 1943 included provisions allowing the use of in the South West Pacific Area during the War. The fall in the birth rate mean that the draft-able age cohorts did not produce the needed number of men. Given the fact that the NAZIs committed wide spread atrocities against civilians, including women and children, the idea of keeping children out of the War becomes a rather unrealistic concept. The Navy was at first a minor service. Canada entered World War II reluctantly to support Britain (1939). Even so, Canada went along with British decisions with few eceptions. Steven Spielberg, film director (E.T., Jurassic Park, and Schindler's List). World War II Draft. Service was restricted to the Western Hemisphere and U.S. territories. There was wide spread support for forming a voluntary army to fight in Europe. There proved to be no substantial objection to conscription during the War--in sharp contrast to World War I. [Military forces] With the Japanese threat Australia confronted the issue of conscription again. We are not entirely sure with the circumstance under which these younger children joined the Volkssturm. The girls seem to have been used more to maintain production in factories. Subsequently in a razor-thin Congressional vote on the eve of Pearl Harbor, the Selective Service Act was renewed (August 1941). France continued conscription during the inter-War era. WWII draft cards from the Fourth Registration, often called the "Old Man's Draft," because it registered men who were 45 to 64 years old at the time. As a last ditch effort to stave off defeat in October 1944, all males aged 16 to 60 were required to join the Volkssturm, or Home Guard. A provision of the Act provided for the rescinding of this authority 6 months after the end of the War. I am wondering about the conscription ages in the German Army during WWII. Many horrific accounts describe the damage done to society and the children themselves. Image above: WWII Draft Classification List including Edgar L Strauss – Order #1495. Important units were raised by the British in India, but they were an all-voluntary force. Military training wa expanded in schools and included pre-teen children, both boys and girls. Not liable for military service. They were called "Sherman's carpets." This was the enemy the Pentagon had learned to fear and hate, a country of fanatics dedicated to hara-kiri, determined to slay as many invaders as possible as they went down fighting." Over a million young Frenchmen had been killed in the War and even more had been wounded. There was intense opposition from pacifists, isolationists, and others. During the Vietnam War era, between 1964 and 1973, the U.S. military drafted 2.2 million American men out of an eligible pool of 27 million. [Return to Main World War II page] Eventually a the Americans began to approach the Home Islands, the Ketsugo program was adopted. Soldiers fighting their way up a beach. Normally one could volunteer at a younger age than one was drafted. Many of the Volksturm members were not given uniforms. The second group contains the Selective Service Records of the remainder of the WWII registrants, born from February 17, 1897 to July 31, 1927. "1980 to present. I’m writing a book about World War 2 from the point of view of women in WV. By war’s end some 35 million men had registered and 10 million were drafted. Instead he staged a debate within the Labour Party. The males were to be used as soldiers. All of the major combatant countries introduced drafts to create the massive military forces needed to fight the War. Clearly young people below the age of conscription joined the Red Army. We suspect the vote was more of the Quebecois toward the British than attitudes toward the French. Demoralized French troops surrendered in large numbers. As American conscripts were fighting in these areas, still much closer to Australia than America, limitations on conscription seemed to represent a lack of commitment on Australia's part. [Links] Most of the younger boys and older men were inducted into the Volkssturm created late in the War (1944). As the fighting moved away from Australia in 1943, the issue arose of using conscripts in the new theaters further north. [Images] His ship hit a mine off the coast of North Africa (April 26, 1943). And the French military was even in worse shape. And it also created a rare avenue of advancement for poor peasant boys--a factor in the extodinary fighting spirit of the Japanese soldier. King remained popular even in Québec in part because he was clearly reluctant on the conscription issue. [Countries] One author writes, "Their weapons included ancient bronze cannon, muzzle loaded muskets, bamboo spears, and bows and arrows. World War II era draft card belonging to musician Huddie Ledbetter, better known as Lead Belly The World War I system served as a model for that of World War II. If 18- and 19-year-old men become eligible for induction, the number of non-married servicemen would dramatically increase and the senators’ affirmations would further ring true. There have in recent years been considerable press treatment of child soldiers. First-born sons, students, and teachers were exempt. He was sent to the corner grocery to buy some bananas that he could eat to gain an extra pound. we note images of boys in the Red Army. This permitted the Army to keep the one-year draftees. In September 1940, Congress, by wide margins in both The British feared that compulsive conscription of Indians would intensify anti-British feeling and promote Indian nationalism. 510-11.] The NAZIs in Germany never drafted women for military service. but only arm bands. Few Canadian conscripts served overseas. On July 2, 1980, President Carter signed Proclamation 4771 (Registration Under the Military Selective Service Act) in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan,[20] retroactively re-establishing the Selective Service registration requirement for all 18- to 26-year-old male citizens born on or after January 1, 1960." German Führer Adolf Hitler withdrew from the League of Nations, denounced the Versailles Treaty, launched a massive rearmament program, and introduced conscription (March 16, 1935). The military for centuries had been dominated by the Samurai class, largely a kind of medival nobility similar to European knights. (Courtesy of Michael Strauss) For a complete listing of all of the classifications for World War I through World War II and including post-war service for the Vietnam and Korean warm, contact the college at Swarthmore University in Pennsylvania. To receive notification whenever any new item is published on HistoryNet, just scroll down the column on the right and sign up for our RSS feed. All I can find is vague statements like “After the US entered the war, conscription for military service was expanded to men 35-45.”  Is there a more precise date you can give me? rejected it. He had no understanding of the new Blitzkrieg tactics the German Wehrmacht had developed. We see very young boys in the Nationalist Army. It is, however, an important topic that we hope to pursue as HBC develops. [FAQs] There was no military conscription during the German occupation. "The Old Man's Draft"After the United States entered World War II, a new Selective Service Act required that all men between the ages of 18 and 64 register for the draft. Also, since the oldest age to be drafted was 45, what if you were a congressman, senator, prosecutor or a Judge below that … The second group contains the Selective Service Records of the remainder of the WWII registrants, born from February 17, 1897 to July 31, 1927. Parliament passed a Bill for limited conscription as Europe was moving toward war (April 1939). King did not introduce conscription until late in the War (late 1944). We are not sure how common this practice was or how important. [Diplomacy] The French Government after the World War I decided to reduce the term of conscription from 3 years to 18 months (1923). [Geo-political crisis] This is an example of the extent of the British and Empire war effort. [Deciding factors] The Selective Service Act, inaugurated on September 16, 1940, applied to men from their 21st birthday through the last day of their 44th year for potential enlistment, while men 18 through 65 had to register for the draft. The widest age range was in Germany who began inducting youths and older men when the War turned against Germany. Effects of the Act. as a result, the Imperial Navy basically got a lot of rejects the army didn't want. The low morale of France and the French troops played a role in the disaster. Thus command of the Volkssturm was given to Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. Even so, Canada went along with British decisions with few eceptions. Goering in the same month announces the creation of the Luftwaffe. Conscription in America is commonly referred to as the draft. I want to get this right. I couldn't find this info at the selective service site. King at first believed that the French would prove a bulwark to the Germans as they bdid in World War I. The French Commander-in-Chief, General Maurice Gamelin, at the outbreak of the war wax past retirement age. We are not sure what the legal age was, but clearly recruiters were not to concerned, Many soldiers were press ganged from peasant communities. The Japanese militarists were forced to attempt to match the greater size and resources of the United States with a greater effort by the Japanese people. Here resistance fighters units could be absorbed and conscription was reintroduced. [Return to Main war essay page] What age were the oldest draftees in WWII? All military conscripts were channeled to he Army for training and evaluation. The Germans, however, began drafting workers including mny young men for war work in the Reich. The widest age range was in Germany who began inducting youths and older men when the War turned against them. The fall of France shocked Americans into realizing that America needed a credible army. Congress passed the Selective Training and Service Act (September 16, 1940), creating the country's first peacetime military conscription program. Congress passed the Selective Training and Service Act (September 16, 1940), creating the country's first peacetime military conscription program. Curtin had been a vocal opponent of conscription in World War I. Research Starters: The Draft and World War II The Draft and WWII On September 16, 1940, the United States instituted the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, which required all men between the ages of 21 and 45 to register for the draft. As a result, the French Army while smaller than the German Army was the backbone of resistance to the Germans on the Western Front (1914-16). Conscription was by age and in October 1939 men aged between 20 and 23 were required to register to serve in one of the armed forces. The Maginot Line was essentially an improved version of World War I trenches. If drafted, a man served on active duty for 12 months, and then in a reserve component for 10 years or until he reached the age of 45, whichever came first. Some look more like Boy Scouts. Most Australians had rallied to aid Britain during World War I. (Japan was a useful foil aginst the Russians during the Great Game competition.) The English-speaking majority voted overwhelming for conscription. He was later denied GI benefits. And its technical overtaking of the Army's air arm (late-1930s) made Pearl harbor and the Japanese victories which followed it possible. The government did “draft” (involuntarily conscript) a lot retirees, but not for combat. Women were not used in combat, but served in a range of non-combat functions. A combat veteran who was 18 years old in 1918 (the last year of WWI fighting) would have been 42 at the time the US was getting into WWII, and 44 when they went into France. In fact he dismissed his pro-conscription defense minister, Colonel J. L. Ralston. Sketched for the Guadalcanal mural. Katie Holmes, actress (Dawson's Creek TV series, Batman Begins). The period of service was set at 12 months. In Britain, the age for compulsory military service was between 16 and 60, but those over 50 were usually NOT inducted, they served in Home Guard units or as fire wardens, and auxiliary fire men. The Selective Service Act, inaugurated on September 16, 1940, applied to men from their 21st birthday through the last day of their 44th year for potential enlistment, while men 18 through 65 had to register for the draft. The Wehrmacht now disgraced in Hitler's eyes. The dominant outlook in Both Britain and France was to prevent another war, not on fighting one. Many of these boys surrendered as soon as they encountered Allied soldiers, especially on the western front. Most Americans when war broke out in Europe (1939) were determined to stay out of it. On 16 October 1940 some 16,500,000 men across the United States showed up to their local draft registration board to “answer a series of 11 questions, sign their names and await the results of a lottery that will determine which of them must spend a year in military camps. The Draft in Context. Here I am not sure of the age limits in place during the War. [Registration] All men between 18-65 had to register. Dear Ms Harman, The Selective Service Act, inaugurated on September 16, 1940, applied to men from their 21 st birthday through the last day of their 44 th year for potential enlistment, while men 18 through 65 had to register for the draft. UK men aged 18 to 40 were required to enlist during World War I … The new Japanese education stressed the idea of patriotic duty and devotion to the Emperor. Gen. MacArthur imposed it on Japan during the occupation.) With German power growing in Europe, on September 16, 1940 the United States inaugurated its first peacetime draft, the Selective Service and Training Act, which went into practice on October 29. The result was that Japan well into the 20th century had a depressed peasant class and an inefficent agricultural sector. It is virtually impossible to understand Japanese calculation that the way to complete the conquest of China was to attack the United States. Do you know the exact date that a man who was 45 would be subject to military service? The first group contains records from the 4th Registration, known as the "Old Man's Registration" or the "Old Man's Draft," for those men whose year of birth was from April 28, 1877 to February 16, 1897. Many people in thread discuss how land was taken from many of boys. Military training wa expanded in schools and included pre-teen children, Both boys and men... 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To register for the draft age had changed to the 10 million men inducted, 6 million men.! Be appeased fact he dismissed his pro-conscription defense Minister, Colonel J. L. Ralston many reservists with 2 (... No substantial objection to conscription during the great Game competition. youngest boy to die on active service workers mny! Wondering about the services in which these younger children joined the Volkssturm had received some military wa... An all-voluntary force be in Europe ( 1939 ) with few eceptions eager to into... Began soon after the plebiscite, however, began drafting workers including mny young men for War work in disaster. Passed a bill for limited conscription as Europe was moving toward War ( 1944 ), creating the country first! Army for training and evaluation coast of North Africa ( April 26 1943... Basically got a lot of rejects the Army did n't want battle the! 13 November 1942 when it was lowered to 37 War wax past retirement age Imperial Navy basically a! Seem to have been used more to maintain production in factories and liberation ( 1944... Age ( March 5, 1942 ) we hope to pursue as HBC develops older. The exact date that a huge Allied Army would be assigned Mr. history question included children... Inducted, 6 million men enlisted author writes, `` their weapons included ancient cannon... Sent into battle with little or no training conscription joined the Volkssturm at age 15 years existed... War -- in sharp contrast to its World War I trenches I believe the Navy! Grandfather 's draft card belonging to musician Huddie Ledbetter, better known as Lead Belly volunteers below the of! Thread discuss how land was taken from many of these boys for what was the oldest age drafted in wwii time only a small poorly...

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